Frequently asking Selenium Interview Questions

1.Which framework you have used in ur project?

Ans- Hybrid driven framework.

2. what is hybrid framework?

Ans. Its an combination of all frameworks-module+function+data driven.

  

3.What is xpath-

Ans-  Its an locator used to identify the web element on any web page.

4. what is // and / in xpath-

  Ans //- it is used to find in the entire structue,

          /- it is used to identify the immediate child.

5.which selenium version ur working?

 Ans- 2.43(current version)

6.How do find the xpath?

Ans- to find the xpath , we use Firebug addons on firefox browser and to varify the xpath written we use Firepath addons.

Syntax- //htmltag[@attname='attvalue'] or //html[text()='textvalue'] or //htmltag[contains(text(),'textvalue')] or //htmltag[contains(@attname,'attvalue')]

7. Explain about selenium architecture

Selenium Client ? Selenium RC ? Browser 

Browser API

Application under test (AUT)

DOMJavaScript

To know more about SeleniumwebdriverArchitecture  Please ClickHere

8.What is Selenium IDE

Ans- Selenium IDE is a complete integrated development environment (IDE) for Selenium tests. It is implemented as a Firefox Add-On, and allows recording, editing, and debugging tests. It was previously known as Selenium Recorder.

Scripts may be automatically recorded and edited manually providing autocompletion support and the ability to move commands around quickly.

Scripts are recorded in Selenese, a special test scripting language for Selenium. Selenese provides commands for performing actions in a browser (click a link, select an option), and for retrieving data from the resulting pages.

9. What is Selenium Webdriver?

Ans- WebDriver is the name of the key interface against which tests should be written in Java, the       implementing classes one should use are listed as below:

“AndroidDriver, ChromeDriver, EventFiringWebDriver, FirefoxDriver, HtmlUnitDriver, InternetExplorerDriver, IPhoneDriver, PhantomJSDriver, RemoteWebDriver,

SafariDriver”

10. Have you used TestNG ?

Ans- yes.

To know about Testng and installation Please ClickHere

11.What is Annotations ?

Ans-  @Test, @BeforeTest , @AfterTest, @BeforeClass, @AfterClass, @BeforeMethod, @AfterMethod, @BeforeSuite, @AfterSuite.

12.What is TestNg ? why we need it?

Ans- TestNG is a unit testing framework for the Java programming language inspired from JUnit and NUnit. The design goal of TestNG is to cover all categories  of tests: unit, functional, end-to-end, integration, etc., with more powerful and easy-to-use functionalities.

Why we need it - TestNG's main features include:

   a)- Annotation support.

   b)- Support for parameterized and data-driven testing (with @DataProvider and/or XML         configuration).

   c)- Support for multiple instances of the same test class (with @Factory)

   d)- Flexible execution model. TestNG can be run either by Ant via build.xml (with or without a test    suite defined), or by an IDE plugin with visual

   results. There isn't a TestSuite class, while test suites, groups and tests selected to run are defined     and configured by XML files.

   e)- Concurrent testing

   f)- Embeds BeanShell for further flexibility.

   g)- Default JDK functions for runtime and logging (no dependencies).

   h)- Distributed testing: allows distribution of tests on slave machines.

13.How do you read data from excel ?

Ans-      FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(“path of excel file”);

                Workbook wb = WorkbookFactory.create(fis);

                Sheet s = wb.getSheet(wb);

                String value = s.getRow(rowNum).getCell(cellNum).getStringCellValue();
Example for Read and write data from Excel Please ClickHere

14.How do you handle popups ?

Ans- To handle alert popups, we need to 1st switch control to alert popups then click on ok or cancel then move control back to main page.

Syntax- String mainPage = driver.getWindowHandle();

                Alert alt = driver.switchTo().alert(); ? to move control to alert popup

                alt.accept(); ---> to click on ok.

                alt.dismiss(); ---> to click on cancle.

Then move the control back to main web page-

driver.switchTo().window(mainPage)?to switch back to main page

15.What is the use of Xpath ?

Ans – It is used to find the webElement in web page. It is very useful to identify the dynamic web elements.

16.Different types of locators ?

Ans- There are 8 types of locators and all are the static methods of the By class.

                By.id(), By.name(), By.tagName(), By.class(), By.linkText(), By.partialLinkText(), By.xpath, By.cssSelector().

17.Selenium Framework that you are using in your current project?

Ans-      Hybrid Driven Framework.

18.How do you identify the Xpath of element on your browser?

Ans- to find the xpath , we use Firebug addons on firefox browser and to identify the xpath written we use Firepath addons.

  Syntax-

//htmltag[@attname='attvalue'] or //html[text()='textvalue']

Or

 //htmltag[contains(text(),'textvalue')] or //htmltag[contains(@attname,'attvalue')]

19.Selenium function used for retrieving the attribute or value?

Ans-      getAttribute(), getText().

20.How do you differentiate check box if more than one check box is existed in your application?

Ans- By writing the xpath in dynamic way.

21.Difference between Assert and Verify?

 Ans- Assert- it is used to verify the result. If the test case fail then it will stop the execution of the test case there itself and move the execution to other test case.

Verify- it is also used to verify the result. If the test case fail then it will not stop the execution of that test case.

22.What is the alternate way to click on login button?

Ans- Use submit() method but it can be used only when attribute type=submit.

23.How do you verify if the checkbox/radio is checked or not ?

Ans- isSelected();

ex- driver.findElement(By.id("Rr")).isSelected();      // return type is boolean.

24.How to get the href of a link / get the source of image

Ans- use getAttribute() method.

25.Count the number of links in a page.

Ans- use the locator By.tagName and find the elements for the tag //a then use loop to count the number of elements found.

Syntax-  int  count = 0;

 List<webElement>  link = driver.findElements(By.tagName(“a”));

 for(int i=0; i<=link.size(); i++){

                count = count+1;

}

System.out.println(count);  ? this will print the number of links in a page.

26. How to check all checkboxes in a page

Ans- List<webElement>  chkBox = driver.findElements(By.xpath(“//htmltag[@attbute='checkbox']”));

         for(int i=0; i<=chkBox.size(); i++){

                chkBox.get(i).click();

                }

27. How do you handle browser popup?

Ans- to handle browser popups , we need to move the control from one browser popup to other.

Syntax- Iterator<String> it = driver.getWindowHandles().iterator();

                String parent = it.next();

                String child = it.next();

                driver.switchTo().window(child);   //to move control to child browser

                 driver.switchTo().window(parent);   //to move control back to parent browser

28.How do you handle elements present inside frame?

Ans- to handle elements present in frame, 1st we need to move the control to frame then we can handle elements of frame.

Syntax to move control to frame- driver.switchTo().frame(webElement);

and to move the control back to main page -

driver.switchTo().defaultContent();      

29.How do you handle Javascript alert/confirmation popup?

Ans- To handle alert popups, we need to 1st switch control to alert popups then click on ok or cancle then move control back to main page.

Syntax- String mainPage = driver.getWindowHandle();

                Alert alt = driver.switchTo().alert(); ? to move control to alert popup

                alt.accept(); ---> to click on ok.

                alt.dismiss(); ---> to click on cancle.

Then move the control back to main web page-

driver.switchTo().window(mainPage); ? to switch back to main page.

30.How do you launch IE/chrome browser?

Ans- before launching IE or Chrome browser we need to set the System property.

To open IE browser ?

 System.setProperty(“ie.webdriver.driver”,”path of the iedriver.exe file ”);

                                                WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();

To open Chrome browser ?

System.setProperty(“chrome.webdriver.driver”,”path of the chromeDriver.exe file ”);

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

31.How to perform right click using WebDriver?

Ans- use Actions class.

                Actions act = new Actions(driver);

                act.moveToElement(webElement).perform();

                act.contextClick().perform();

32.How do perform drag and drop using WebDriver?

Ans- use Action class.

                Actions act = new Actions(driver);

                WebElement source = driver.findElement(By.xpath(“ -----”));

                WebElement target = driver.findElement(By.xpath(“ -----”));

                act.dragAndDrop(source,target).perform();

33.How to send ENTER/TAB keys in WebDriver?

And- use click() or submit() [submit() can be used only when type='submit'])method for ENTER.

Or act.sendKeys(Keys.ENTER);

For Tab-

    act.sendKeys(Keys.TAB);

34.Example for method overload in WebDriver

Ans-  frame(string), frame(int), frame(WebElement)

35. How do you upload a file?

Ans-  driver.findElement(By.xpath(“input field”)).sendKeys(“path of the file which u want to upload”).

36.  How do you click on a menu item in a drop down menu?

Ans-  if that menu has been created by using select tag then we can use the methods selectByValue() or   selectByIndex() or selectByVisibleText(). These are the methods of the Select class.

        If the menu has not been created by using the select class then we can simply find the path of that element and click on that to select.

 37.what is difference between assertEqual and verify?

Ans- assertEqual- It is a static method of the Assert class. it is used to verify the result. If the test case fail then it will stop the execution of the test case there itself and move the execution to other test case.

Verify- it is also used to verify the result. If the test case fail then it will not stop the execution of that test case.

38.How do you simulate browser back and forward?

Ans- driver.navigate().back();

         driver.navigate().forward();

39.How do you get the current page URL?

Ans- driver.getCurrentUrl();

40. What is an xpath?

Ans- its an locator used to identify the web element on any web page.

41.What is the difference between ‘/’ and ‘//’

Ans  //- it is used to search in the entire structue,

         /- it is used to identify the immediate child.

42.What is the difference between findElement and findElements?

Ans- Both methods used to find the webElement in a web page.

findElement() -  it used to find the one web element. It return only one WebElement type.

findElements()-  it used to find more than one web element. It return List of WebElements.

 43.How do you achieve synchronization in WebDriver?

Ans- driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10,TimeUnit.SECONDS);

44.Explain implicit and explicit wait?

Ans- implicit wait- is like to wait for specific time only when element is not found. If element found then wait time is 0.

example:

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10,TimeUnit.SECONDS);

here max wait time is 10 sec.

explicit wait- Thread.sleep(time); is like to wait for specific time either element is found or not. If element found then also wait for specified time.

45.Write the code for Reading and Writing to Excel through Selenium?

Ans- FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(“path of excel file”);

         Workbook wb = WorkbookFactory.create(fis);

          Sheet s = wb.getSheet(wb);

          String value= s.getRow(rowNum).getCell(cellNum).getStringCellValue();  // read

          s.getRow(rowNum).getCell(cellNum).setCellValue();                                  //write

          FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(“path of file”);                //write

          wb.write(fos);                                                                                                  //write

46.How do get typed text from a textbox?

Ans-  driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='username']")).getAttribute("value"));

47.What are the different exceptions you get when working with WebDriver?

Ans-

ElementNotVisibleException,

ElementNotSelectableException,

NoAlertPresentException,

NoSuchAttributeException,

NoSuchWindowException,

TimeoutException,

WebDriverException etc.

 48.What are the languages supported by WebDriver?

Ans- Python, Ruby, C# and Java are all supported directly by the development team. There are also    webdriver implementations for PHP and Perl.

49.What are the limitations of Selenium IDE?

Ans- a)-  It does not supports looping or conditional statements. Tester has to use native languages to write logic in the test case.

b)-  It does not supports test reporting, you have to use selenium RC with some external reporting plugin like TestNG or JUint to get test execution report.

c)- Error handling is also not supported depending on the native language for this.

50.What are the browsers supported by Selenium IDE?

Ans-  Mozilla FireFox only. Its an Firefox add on.

51.How do you clear the contents of a textbox in selenium

Ans- use clear() method.

52.What is a Framework?

Ans- A framework is  set of automation guidelines  which help in

*      Maintaining consistency of Testing

*      Improves test structuring

*      Minimum usage of code

*      Less Maintenance of code

*      Improve re-usability

*      Non Technical testers

*can be involved in code, Training period of using the tool can be reduced,  Involves Data wherever appropriate.

There are five types of framework used in software automation testing:

*      1-Data Driven Automation Framework

*      2-Method Driven Automation Framework

*      3-Modular Automation Framework

*      4-Keyword Driven Automation Framework

*      5-Hybrid Automation Framework = 1+2+3

53.Different components of your Framework?

Ans- Library- Assertion, ConfigLibrary, GenericLibrary, ProjectSpecificLibrary, Modules.

         Drivers folder, Jars folder, excel file.

54.Can you explain the Framework flow with a diagram?

Ans- yes we can. (Explain above classes in flow.)

55.How do you accommodate project specific methods in your framework?

Ans- 1st go through all the manual test cases and identify the steps which are repeating. Note down such steps and make them as methods and write into ProjectSpecificLibrary.

56.How is the failure handled in your framework?

Ans- We can execute the failure test case and identify the where is the exact issue. If this is a code issue then we raise the bug/defect for the developer and if its an script issue then we check the script and correct it.

57.What kind of reports are generated by your framework?

Ans- Three kinds of report-

*      TestNG report

*      Eclipse Console report

*      HTML report.

58. What are the prerequisites to run selenium webdriver?

Ans-

*      JDK

*      Eclipse

*      WebDriver(selenium standalone jar file)

*      Browser

*      application to be tested.

59.What are the advantages of selenium webdriver?

Ans-

*      It supports with all browsers like Firefox, IE, Chrome, Safari, Opera etc.

*      Doesn’t required to start server before executing the test script.

*      It actual core API which has binding in a range of languages.

*      It supports of moving mouse cursors.

*      It support to test iphone/Android applications.

60.What is WebDriverBackedSelenium?

Ans- WebDriverBackedSelenium is a kind of class name where we can create an object for it as below:

 Selenium webdriver= new WebDriverBackedSelenium(WebDriver object name, "URl path of website").

The main use of this is when we want to write code using both WebDriver and selenium RC , we must use above created object to use selenium commands.

61.How to invoke an application in webdriver?

Ans- driver.get(“url”);

62.What is Selenium Grid?

Ans- Selenium-Grid allows you to run your tests on different machines against different browsers in parallel. That is, running multiple tests at the same time against different machines running different browsers and operating systems. Essentially, Selenium-Grid support distributed test execution. It allows

for running your tests in a distributed test execution environment.

63.How to get the number of frames on a page?

Ans- List <WebElement> framesList = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//iframe"));

         int numOfFrames = frameList.size();

 64.How to verify that an element is not present on a page?

Ans :  try {

             driver.findElement(locatorKey);

              return true;

              } catch (org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException e) {

                return false;

              }

65.How do you simulate scroll down action?

Ans- Selenium not care the element is on the screen or need to scroll down. but if you mean the element will dynamic added when scroll down, you must simulate scroll down action.

66.  what is the command line we have to write inside a .bat file to execute a selenium project when we are using testing.

Ans- java -cp bin;jars/* org.testng.TestNG testng.xml

67.  I have 2000+ images in my application with different dimensions.

Now the req. is all images needs to be changed with 100X100 dimensions.

To verify that all images are changed to specified dimensions, Is there any way with the help of any automation tool or we need to check manually 2000+ images ?

Ans- I don't think so, we can do this by using selenium WebDriver. We have to do this manually.

68.How to verify the presence of the success message on a page?

Ans- getText();

69.Which  is the package which is to be imported while working with webdriver?

Ans- org.openqa.selenium

70. How to check if an element is visible on the web page?

Ans- driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='username']")).isDisplayed();

71.How to check if a button is enabled on the page?

Ans- use getAttribute() method to get the value of attribute which developer introduced in the web page to identify whether button is enabled or disabled.

ex-

if(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[text()='OK']")).getAttribute("aria-disabled").equals("false")){

Globals.driver.findElement(By.className("x-panel-btns")).findElement(By.xpath("//button[text()='OK']")).click();

}else{

Globals.driver.findElement(By.className("x-panel-btns")).findElement(By.xpath("//button[text()='Cancel']")).click();

}

72.How to check if a text is highlighted on the page?

Ans- To identify weather color for a field is different or not-

String color = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[text()='Shop']")).getCssValue("color");

String backcolor = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[text()='Shop']")).getCssValue("background-color");

System.out.println(color);

System.out.println(backcolor);

Here if both color and backcolor different then that means that element is in different color.

73. What is the selenium's recording language?

Ans- Selenium's recording language is "Html".

74.How do you handle Ajax controls using Selenium?
We can handle Ajax Controls by using wait for condition command.

75. How to check the checkbox or radio button is selected?

Ans- use isSelected() method to identify.

76. How to get the title of the page?

Ans- getTitle();

77. How do u get the width of the textbox?

Ans- Not sure.

78.How do u get the attribute of the web element?

Ans- driver.getElement(By.tagName("img")).getAttribute("src") will get you the src attribute of this tag. Similarly, you can get the values of attributes

such as title, alt etc.

Similarly you can get CSS properties of any tag by using getCssValue("some propety").

79. How to check whether a text is underlined or not?

Ans- identify by getCssValue(“border-bottom”) or sometime getCssValue(“text-decoration”)method if the cssValue is there for that webElement or not. This is for when moving cursor over element that is going to be underlined or not-

public class UnderLine {

                public static void main(String[] args)

 {

                                WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

                                driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

                                driver.get("https://www.google.co.in/?gfe_rd=ctrl&ei=bXAwU8jYN4W6iAf8zIDgDA&gws_rd=cr");

                                String cssValue= driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[text()='Hindi']")).getCssValue("text-decoration");

                                System.out.println("value"+cssValue);

                                Actions act = new Actions(driver);

                                act.moveToElement(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[text()='Hindi']"))).perform();

                                String cssValue1= driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[text()='Hindi']")).getCssValue("text-decoration");

                                System.out.println("value over"+cssValue1);

                                driver.close();

                }

}

80.How to change the URL on a webpage using selenium web driver?

Ans-  driver.get(“url1”);

          driver.get(“url2”);

81.How to verify the presence of tooltips for a link?

Ans- webeElement.getAttribute("title");

82.  How to hover the mouse on an element?

Ans- Actions act = new Actions(driver);

         act.moveToElement(webelement);

83.What is the use of getOptions() method?

Ans- getOptions() is used to get the selected option from the dropdown list.

84.What is the use of deSelectAll() method?

Ans- it is used to deselect all the options which have been selected from the dropdown list.

85.Is WebElement an interface or a class?

Ans- Interface.

86. FirefoxDriver is class or an interface and from where is it inherited?

Ans- FirefoxDriver is a class. It implements all the methods of WebDriver interface.

87.Which is the super interface of webdriver?

Ans- SearchContext.

 88.What is the difference b/w close() and quit()?

Ans- close() - it will close the browser where the control is.

quit()- it will close all the browsers opened by WebDriver.

89.What is the difference b/w getWindowHandles() and getWindowHandle() ?

Ans- getWindowHandles()- is used to get the address of all the open browser which we can store in Iterator<String> type.

getWindowHandle()- is used to get the address of the current browser where the conrol is.

90. What is the use of contextClick() ?

Ans- It is used to right click.

91. How to press Shift+Tab?

Ans- Please ClickHere

92.  How to perform double click using webdriver?

Ans-       Actions act = new Actions(driver);

                act.doubleClick(webelement);

93.What is the use of AutoIt?

Ans- Some times while doing testing with selenium, we get stuck by some interruptions like a window based pop up. But selenium fails to handle this as it has support for only web based application. To overcome this problem we need to use AutoIT along with selenium script. AutoIT is a third party tool to handle window based applications. The scripting language used is VBScript.

94.How to type text in a new line inside a text area?

Ans- element.sendKeys(“abhishek_line1.\n abhishek_Line2”);

use ? \n for new line.

95.How to switch back from a frame?

Ans- driver.switchTo().defaultContent();

96.While explaining the framework ensure that ur covering

                1.What is frame work

                2. Which frame work?

                3. Why This Frame work?

                4. Architecture

                5. Explanation of every component of frame work

                6. Process followed in frame work

                7. How & when u execute the frame work?

                8. Code (u must write code and explain)

                9. Result and reporting
                10. u should be able to explain it for 20 Minutes

97.  What is Datadriven framework & Keyword Driven?

Ans-  Datadriven framework- In this Framework , while Test case logic resides in Test Scripts, the Test Data is separated and kept outside the Test Scripts.Test Data is read from the external files (Excel File) and are loaded into the variables inside the Test Script. Variables are used both for Input values and for Verification values.To know more Please ClickHere.

 Keyword Driven- The Keyword-Driven or Table-Driven framework requires the development of data tables and keywords, independent of the test automation tool used to execute them . Tests can be designed with or without the Application. In a keyword-driven test, the functionality of the application-under-test is documented in a table as well as in step-by-step instructions for each test.

98.How do you send ENTER/TAB keys in webdriver?

Ans- use click() or submit() [submit() can be used only when type='submit'])method for ENTER.

  Or act.sendKeys(Keys.ENTER);

  For Tab-

    act.sendKeys(Keys.TAB);

99. How do you take screen shot?

Ans-

File srcFile = ((TakeScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); //now we can do anything with this screenshot

like copy this to any folder-

FileUtils.copyFile(srcFile,new File(“folder name where u want to copy/file_name.png”));

 For Example Code Please ClickHere

100. What is the benefit of using TestNG?

Ans-

1- TestNG allows us to execute of test cases based on group.

2- In TestNG Annotations are easy to understand

3-Parallel execution of Selenium test cases is possible in TestNG.

4- Three kinds of report generated

5- order of execution can be changed

6- failed test cases can be executed

7- without having main function we can execute the test method.

8- An xml file can be generated to execute the entire test suite. In that xml file we can rearrange our execution order and we can also skip the execution of particular test case.